玛雅·安吉罗,作家、诗人、剧作家、编辑、演员、导演和教师,是当代美国黑人女诗人中的杰出代表。 今天A加未来国际教育李老师带大家来赏析一下IGCSE诗歌作品Caged Bird。 这首诗歌是玛雅在50岁的时候创作的,20世纪60年代的美国呈现出严重的种族歧视问题,男女不平等问题,作为黑人女性,她遭到了很多不公平的区别对待。亲身经历了这些遭遇,她想通过诗歌来谴责当时的社会现象,呼唤起人们的平等意识。
Caged Bird
A free birdleaps
on the back of the wind
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wing
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky.
But a bird that stalks
down his narrow cage
can seldom see through
his bars of rage
his wings are clipped and
his feet aretied
so he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
The free bird thinks of anotherbreeze
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn bright lawn
and he names the sky his own
But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
his wings are clipped and his feet are tied
so he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
with a fearful trill
of things unknown
but longed for still
and his tune is heard
on the distant hill
for the caged bird
sings of freedom.
结构
本首诗歌共有6个小节,诗歌的结构并不严谨,这也和当代诗歌的特点相符合。第3小节和第6小节内容重复,诗人想要加强语气,在内容上进行重复。
诗歌没有特别整齐的押韵形式,但是在一些诗行中,也是可以看到隔行、跨行押韵的。
意象
非常明显,这首诗歌中体现了两个相对的意象:free bird; caged bird,对于两种鸟的描述也体现出鲜明的特点:
1. Free bird:leaps; dip his wings in the sun’s of orange rays; breeze; soft; dawn bright lawn; 所有的用词都是柔和且积极乐观的,leap体现出了小鸟的活波和欣喜,周围景物的颜色描写则体现出鸟儿无忧无虑的生活
2. Caged bird: stalk; bars of rage; grave od dreams; his wings are clipped and his feet are tied; nightmare scream; fearful; 对于笼中鸟,诗人运用了一系列具有否定意义且消极的词汇,鸟儿的爪子被牢牢捆住,失去了自由,这个笼子看上去就像是个坟墓,鸟儿做噩梦,体现出了笼中之鸟被束缚受人摆布,失去了自由。
修辞手法
本诗最明显的修辞手法是metaphor,玛雅借助描绘两种不同的鸟想要暗指两种人,自由之鸟代表的是享受自由、受尊重的白人或男性.
而笼中之鸟则暗指了受到压迫和歧视的黑人或女性,社会对待他们就像笼中鸟一样,处处给予压迫和压力,让他们无力反抗,只能忍耐和承受。
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本章来源:IGCSE课程辅导
本章标题:IGCSE诗歌赏析:透过“笼中之鸟”看美国黑人和女性的抗争史!
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